Bacolod Public Plaza Essay Example for Free

Bacolod Public Plaza Essay * The Bacolod Public Plaza is one of the notable landmarks of Bacolod City, the capital of Negros Occidental, Philippines. It is located in the heart of the downtown area, near the city hall and across from the San Sebastian Cathedral. The plaza is a trapezoidal park with a belt of trees around the periphery and a gazebo at the center. Scattered within the trees are four circular fountains. * The plaza was constructed in 1927 as a place for recreation, political, spiritual and cultural activities. It is quite a popular site for outdoor picnics and concerts. The gazebo is often used to house a bandstand and inscribed along the sides of the roof are the names of Western classical musiccomposers Beethoven, Wagner, Haydn, and Mozart. The plaza is the heart of the MassKara Festival celebration.[1] The MassKara Festival is a week-long celebration held each year in Bacolod City every third weekend of October nearest October 19, the citys Charter Anniversary. The Bacolod public plaza is the final destination of MassKara street dancing competition which is the highlight of the celebration. Capitol Park and Lagoon * The Capitol Park and Lagoon is a provincial park located in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, in Philippines. One of the features of the park is matching sculptures depicting a woman standing alongside a water buffalo and that of a man pulling another water buffalo. * These sculptures are located at the northern and southern ends of the lagoon. These figures were executed by Italian sculpture Francesco Riccardo Monti who also did the sculptures of the Metropolitan Manila Theater and the University of the Philippines Visayas Iloilo campus. * Guillermo Tolentino also contributed as a sculptor of the figures.Popular activities at the park include jogging, aerobics, school dance rehearsals, promenading, Arnis and martial arts practice and feeding the tilapias of the lagoon. * The main landmark in the park is the Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol building. It is the official seat of the Governor of the province. Different government offices of the province serving its thirteen cities and municipalities are also located in the vicinity of the park. San Sebastian Cathedral * Cathedral of San Sebastian was founded in April 27, 1876 by Bishop Mariano Cuartero but the cornerstone was laid and it was inaugurated in the January 20 in the year 1882. Now, referred to as the Bacolod Cathedral is located along the Rizal Street across the Bacolod City Public Plaza. * The structure of cathedral is made up of coral stones and lime quarried of Guimaras Island and Palawan wood. Visitors of the cathedral will instantly notice the baroque architectural style as the pillar, walls; foundations of the church are coral stones. * The statue of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Bacolod is there on one side of the faà §ade while the resurrected Jesus Christ is there in the mid section of the faà §ade. The statue of San Sabestian is there inside the church on the main altar. Other highlights of the church are the flag stand with the logo of Recoletos and the old Stations of the Cross made up of plaster of Paris. Negros Museum * Visit to Negros Museum of Bacolod is the best way of getting acquainted with the history of this city. This museum is a perfect blend of artwork, relics and artifacts which enables you to understand the present and past of the city. * The museum exhibits several must see galleries such as JGM Gallery of International Folk Art and Folk Toys. This is an excellent place to visit with children as it focuses on playing items from all round the World. * There are around three thousand toys for playing. Other must visit sections of the museum for children include The TUKLAS Childrens Library, Resource and Activity Center etc. * The workshop is also organized by the museum where children can learn paintings, sculpting and to experience their hands on various forms of pottery. The museum also exhibits numerous other must see exhibits such as the Iron Dinosaurs, fifty boat, sugar industry and much more. THE BALAY NEGRENSE * The Balay Negrense is a museum in Silay City, Negros Occidental in the Philippines, showcasing the lifestyle of a late 19th-century Negrense sugar baron. It is notable for being the first museum to be established in the province of Negros Occidental. * The house is of the type called bahay na bato, literally house of stone, however, reflecting American colonial influences, the lower storey is not constructed of stone but of concrete. The foundation posts are made out of trunks of the balayong tree, a local hardwood; the floorboards are of the same material. Bacolod-Silay International Airport * Bacolod-Silay International Airport (IATA: BCD, ICAO: RPVB) is the main airport serving the general area of Bacolod City, the capital city of Negros Occidental in the Philippines. This airport replaced the Bacolod City Domestic Airport in 2007. The Bacolod-Silay International Airport inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes from the former. * The airport is located fifteen kilometers northeast of Bacolod City on a 181-hectare site in Barangay Bagtic, Silay City. The airport, which is built to handle international traffic, is expected to become the primary gateway to Negros Island. It is one of the three international airports envisioned to serve the Western Visayas region, alongside Kalibo International Airport and the New Iloilo Airport. * The Bacolod-Silay International Airport is designated as an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. POPE JOHN PAUL II TOWER * The John Paul II Tower stands at the Bacolod Real Estate Development Corp. reclaimed area where the Pope held a Mass in February 20, 1981. It was built to commemorate the event that happened twenty-nine years ago when the late Pope John Paul II visited Bacolod City. * At the entrance of the tower stands an eight-foot sculpture of John Paul made of synthetic bronze and fiberglass created by Brother Tagoy Jakosalem. On top of the tower is a 12-foot stainless steel lighted cross made and donated by Architect Ramiro Garcia, former vice mayor of Bacolod. * This eight-story glass tower was inaugurated on February 18, 2010 with the holy presence of Archbishop Joseph Edward Adams, Papal Nuncio to the Philippines, assisted by the Bishop of the Diocese of Bacolod, his Excellency, Msgr. Vicente Navarra. * The donor of the 700 square-meter lot at the reclamation area and the eight-story building just a few steps away from SM City Bacolod is lawyer Simplicio Palanca. It is covered in glass panels and houses personal possessions of John Paul. * On top of the tower is a breathtaking view of Bacolod City and the Guimaras Strait. It is also equipped with a glass enclosed elevator, a water system and a generating set. The JPII Tower will not just be Bacolods fine tourist attraction but a testament on how strong our catholic faith is. ARANETA AND LACSON ST. * Lacson Street is one of the major streets in the city of Bacolod. It is the main artery leading to the north part of Negros. * Its counterpart is the Araneta St., which will lead you to the south. Here in Bacolod, Lacson Street is regarded as the chic side of the City.It is where Banks, Hotels, Malls, first class Restaurants, Park, coffee shops and bars are located. * Because of its potential to be one of the center of activities, Mayor Bing transformed this place into a Huge party arena. It is now called as the Festival Strip during Masskara and Bacolaodiat festivals for 2 years now. * During festival season, the road is totally blocked (from 4th st. all the way to Ramos intersection.) Bars and Restaurants are placing tables and chairs on the street, Bandstands are everywhere, Party lights in every corners and people are simply enjoying. * Party starts at 7pm and ends in the wee hours of the morning. Who would have thought that Lacson street would come this far? I actually never thought it will be a hit until i went there and partied with my friends during the electric masskara which happened last October. * The atmosphere is so festive, police are everywhere which makes the place more safe. It was totally awesome and worth for an experience. LA SALLE AVENUE: * The University of St. La Salle (USLS), located in La Salle Avenue, Bacolod City, Philippines, is a Catholic private university run by the De La Salle Brothers. Established in 1952 as La Salle College Bacolod, it is the second oldest campus originally founded by the congregation in the country.The university is a member of De La Salle Philippines, a network established in 2006 comprising 17 Lasallian institutions in the country. * USLS was founded by Br. Dennis Ruland FSC, Br. Hugh Wester FSC, and Br. V. Felix Masson FSC. La Salle College-Bacolod opened with 175 male students from Prep to Grade 5, under seven faculty members. The school building was unimpressive, built amidst sprawling muddy grounds and borded by cane fields of adjoining lands. * In the 1960s La Salle College-Bacolod expanded from Grade School to College. This was made possible through donations by alumni, parents and benefactors. The school became co-educational in 1966. On July 5, 1988, La Salle College-Bacolod was formally elevated to university status and christened University of St. La Salle during rites graced by then Honorable Secretary of Education Lourdes Quisumbing. CINCO DE NOVIEMBRE: * IT WAS a tour-de-force performance as sugarcane ‘trabajadores’ and ‘hacendados’ played their roles for one day only as members of the Negros Revolutionary Movement. The ‘hacendados’ promoted themselves (or were told) to become captains of the army. The ‘obreros’ were excited (because of their devotion to the landlords) to act as soldiers. * There was also the obligatory dose of cheesy humor and wisecracks because the soldiers trained in the cane fields were only armed with bolos and spears. Some of the ‘hacendados’ managed to ride on their own horse. The adventurous few had their carabaos as if going to a royal tournament. Some references mentioned Nicolas Golez, Leandro Rama Locsin, Timoteo Unson, Melecio Severino and Vicente GamboayBenedicto as the potent leaders of Silay revolution. * The preparation had a cocktail of ornate finesse because the lords of the haciendas put on their gallant uniform like swaggering sword-wielding stars. The most important characters were the ‘jornaleros’ who gave their iconic cinematic hugs to their wives and parents as if they would be facing dramatic imminent doom in their attack at the garrison of the Spaniards. My creative amalgamation takes an egalitarian stand as I picture out hundreds of Silaynons in assault formation in front of Farmacia Locsin owned by Leandro Locsin (now, the Cinco de Noviembre Marker). * Melecio Severino and Nicolas Golez could have followed the advice of Sun Tzu in his book The Art of War. â€Å"In war, the general receives his commands from the sovereign, collects his army and concentrates his forces. . . . If we wish to wrest an advantage from the enemy, we must not fix our minds on that alone, but allow for the possibility of the enemy also doing some harm to us, and let this enter as a factor into our calculations.† * The basest instincts were at their best and the nationalistic Silaynons enthusiastically marched towards the Spanish garrison while chanting ‘Binangon,’ the hymn of the Negros revolution written by Kabayao of Sagay. Silaynons could be heroes after death but it was not a biopic where they were thinking of their lives as heroes after the historic surge. That could also be their grandest, nuttiest scheme yet. Silaynons were out to prove that they got nuts. As fighters for freedom, our ancestors were visionaries, dreamers, people who would consider victory in another shape. * The agony for the Spaniards did not last long. The rickety old garrison was already surrounded with a lavish cast prepared for a high-octane scene and the few civil guards inside under the command of Lt. Maximiano Correa had no way to avert disaster. Juan Viaplana, a local Spaniard and ‘empresario’, explained to Correa that the only way to stay alive was to surrender peacefully. * That was it, but the agreement papers mentioned that the civil guards gave up only after a heroic resistance against overwhelming odds. There was a bloody man-to-man combat and the civil guards stood their ground with Correa. That was nefarious and the dull, plodding scene of what could have been the ‘First Bloodless Revolution’ in Philippine history was made popcorn to save Spanish honor. November 5, 1898; Saturday. Before the day ended, The Philippine flag made by Olympia Severino, Eutropia Yorac and Perpetua Severino was raised for the first time at Silay plaza. The one-day revolution flows with a vibrant kinetic energy loaded with high-speed maneuvers. It ended like a Silay piaya—crisp outside, sweet inside. Happy Negros Day! OLD CITY HALL: * Bacolod City, situated on the northwestern part of the island of Negros, is bounded by the Guimaras Strait on the west, the municipality of Talisay on the north, the municipality of Murcia on the east, and Bago City on the South. * The City has land area of 156.1 kilometers. In 1970, it had a population of 187,300. It has a cool invigorating climate with abundant rainfall. The majority of the people speak Ilonggo and the rest speak Cebuano. * Bacolod, the Sugar City in the Philippines, is one of the most progressive and elite cities in the country. Along its highway, sugarcane plantation is a typical scene; coconut and rice are also grown. The people are engaged in livestock, fishing and pottery. * Bacolod was derived from the Ilonggo word bakolod meaning stonehill since the settlement was founded in 1770 on a stonehill area, now the district of Granada and the former site of the Bacolod Murcia Milling Company. * Due to the Muslin raids in 1787, Bacolod was transferred towards the shorline. The old site was called Da-an Banwa, meaning old town. * In 1894, by order of Governor General Claveria, through Negros Island Governor Manuel Valdeviseo Morquecho, Bacolod was made the capital of the Province of Negros. Bernardino de los Santos became the first gobernadorcillo and Fray Julian Gonzaga the first parish priest. * The succes of the revolution in Bacolod was attributed to the low morale of the local Spanish detahcment-due to its defeat in Panay and Luzon and to the psychological warfare of Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta. In 1897, a battle in Bacolod was fought in Matab-ang River. * A year later, on November 5, 1898, the Negrense Revolucionarios, armed with knives, bolos, spears, and rifle-like nipa stems, and pieces of sawali mounted in carts, captured the convento where Coronel de Castro y Cisneros, well-armed casadores and platoons of civil guards, surrendered. * Two days later, on the 17th, most of the revolutionary army gathered together to establish a Provisional Junta and to confirm the elections of Aniceto Lacson as president, Juan Araneta as war-delegate, as well as the other officials. * On March 1899, the American forces led by Colonel James G. Smith occupied Bacolod, the revolutionary capital of the Provisional Republic of Negros. * Bacolod City was occupied by the Japanese forces on May 21, 1942. Three years after, it was liberated by the American forces on May 29, 1945. * By virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 326, enacted by the National Assembly, the City of Bacolod was created on June 18, 1938. NEGROS NIGHT LIFE: Bacolod Nightlife * Are you planning a visit to Bacolod City and wondering what to do for fun at night in Bacolod? Participating in the local nightlife scene can be a lot of fun when you travel to a new city, but figuring out where the locals go isnt always easy. Here are 5 of the best Bacolod nightlife options for you to consider. Bacolod locals enjoy these top nightlife activities and if youre here for a visit, you will too! 1. Begin with a drink and dinner at one of Bacolods restaurants. Because so many people live and work right in the city, Bacolod restaurants are a big part of the Bacolod nightlife scene and tend to be full every night of the week. 2. Spend part of your evening at one of the many Bacolod comedy club. Youll have your choice of stand-up, improv, ensembles, open mic, and other formats. You can also find national headliners as well as local talent. 3. Or, spend the evening at the movies. In addition to a few theaters that show first-run movies such as the SM Cinema, youll find lots of other theaters and other venues for watching foreign language, indie, classic, experimental, and other film genres. 5. Stop by one of the many Bacolod bars. If youre interested in exploring Bacolod nightlife, youll probably end up in one (or more) of our popular bars, where a lot of Bacolod locals have fun at night in the city. 6. End your evening at one of Bacolods disco clubs Where do you go toward the end of the evening? Thats easy a Bacolod disco club. Bacolod has a wide range of choices from casual to dress, all featuring DJs and every kind of music that you can imagine. Most of these popular Bacolod nightlife spots get going around 10pm and then close at 2am after last call. RAMOS DIZON MUSEUM: * Housed in the ancestral home of Raymundo L. Dizon and Hermelinda V. Ramos, the Dizon-Ramos Museum is one of the many reasons you will visit Bacolod, Philippines. It was constructed in 1950 and shows the architecture of after-war Bacolod. The house is a blend of modern and neo-classic which makes anyone appreciate its past. The visitors get a sense of how upper-middle class lived in Bacolod in the 1950s. * In 2007, the house of Ramos and Dizon was converted into a museum, thus the name Dizon-Ramos Museum, a year after Hermelinda meet her creator. The museum was blessed andinaugurated on August 15, 2007. Among the artifacts deemed worthy to preserve for posterity are immense collections of naff ceramics, glassware, and religious knick-knacks. The first floor of the museum comprises of the Main Exhibit Hall which boasts a collection of a hundred pictorial reproductions which tried tocaptivate the rich history of Bacolod City and the prominent family, the Dizon-Ramos. Some of the photographs were taken in 1937 when Raymundo, also known as â€Å"Munding† and Hermelinda, also known as â€Å"Ermy† were wed. The photographs are ordered chronologically by decades, thus giving the visitors a coup d’oeil into the city’s baronial past and their family. There are three bedrooms on the left side of the house. It contains some memorabilia of the family. PANAAD PARK AND STEDIUM: * The Panaad Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located inside the Panaad Park and Sports Complex in Bacolod, Philippines. Owned by theNegros Occidental provincial government, it is used for football matches, and is the adopted home of the Philippines national football team. * It played host to football at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games and was later the venue of the qualifiers of the 2007 ASEAN Football Championship or ASEAN Cup, in which the Philippines, Cambodia, Timor Leste, Brunei and Laos participated. The stadium has a seating capacity of 15,500 at the bleachers, but holds approximately 20,000 people with standing areas. * Aside from the football field, the stadium features a rubberized track, and the Sports Complex features an Olympic-size swimming pool, basketball court and other sports facilities. Surrounding these structures are cabanas. * The stadium is also the home of Panaad sa Negros Festival, a week-long celebration participated in by all cities and municipalities in the province held annually during the summer. The festival is highlighted by merry-making and field demonstrations at the stadium. The stadium itself features replicas of the landmarks of the thirteen cities and municipalities of Negros Occidental. * The stadium was recently considered to host the semifinal matches of the 2010 AFF Suzuki Cupbetween the Philippines and Indonesia, but was disqualified for not satisfying the standards of theASEAN Football Federation. On February 9, 2011, the stadium hosted a match between thePhilippines national football team and Mongolia in the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification with an attendance of 20,000 people. CAPITOL SHOPPING AREA: * The Bacolod Capitol Shopping Center is known as the Chinatown of Bacolod City because of the numerous Chinese business establishments in the area. Perhaps, only a few Bacolodnons, especially the younger generations, knew that it is a tragedy which gave birth to Shopping. * In 1955, a big fire gutted the area bounded by Araneta, Gonzaga, Locsin and Luzuriaga which is growing commercial center where most Chinese business establishments were located. The business establishments also doubled as residents so these Chinese were also displaced because of the fire. * Alfredo Montelibano Sr. saw an opportunity to attract the displaced Chinese businessmen so he developed the 27-hectare property north of Bacolod which gave way to the Capitol Shopping Center. Mr. Montelibano also donated a half-hectare property to the Bacolod Chinese Catholic Association where Hua Ming School and church are now located. * The Montelibano family has already transformed what used to be cogonland into Villamonte Subdivision and the upscale Capitolville Subdivision. During the time that the Capitol Shopping Center was being constructed, the exclusive boy’s school La Salle Bacolod and St. Scholastica Academy were already operating not far from Shopping. It’ not surprising then that the area became a prominent commercial center in Bacolod after its completion. * However, through the years, various business establishments re-opened in Bacolod downtown area and big malls opened in the city which took away customers from the Shopping area. Years of neglect have deteriorated most establishments in the Shopping area and even parts of the roads need to be rehabilitated. Capitol Shopping Center has lost its luster as a business center and no longer attracted investments and only a few new establishments located in the area in recent years. * In the hope of reviving the once prime commercial district, Bacolod City Mayor Bing Leonardia recently signed City Ordinance no. 576 naming the Capitol Shopping Center as the Bacolod City Chinatown. * The ordinance was authored by Councilor Dindo Ramos and co-authored by Councilor Em Ang stipulated that the city government will appropriate at least P15 million initial funding for the improvement of the infrastructure such as the welcome arch, greening and landscaping as well as road concreting. * The city government, through theordinance, hoped to attract investors by returning up to 70% of the cost of a project that will be put up at the Chinatown Center in the form of tax credits spread over five years. * The revival of the Capitol Shopping as the Bacolod Chinatown was lauded by the Filipino-Chinese Community since the Chinatown has been an important economic, cultural and spiritual hub for the Filipino-Chinese in Bacolod City. * Just like the way the Filipino-Chinese has risen from the ashes of the great fire of 1955, the renewal of interest in the Bacolod Chinatown Center will hopefully give way to the rebirth of the once robust business center.

Young Lonigan by James T. Farrell :: Young Lonigan James Farrell Essays

Young Lonigan by James T. Farrell "After they had left the parlor, Studs sat by the window. He looked out, watching the night strangeness, listening. The darkness was over everything like a warm bed-cover, and all the little sounds of night seemed to him as if they belonged to some great mystery. He listened to the wind in the tree by the window. The street was queer, and didn’t seem at all like Wabash Avenue. He watched a man pass, his heels beating a monotonous echo. Studs imagined him to be some criminal being pursued by a detective like Maurice Costello, who used to act detective parts for Vitagraph. He watched. He thought of Lucy on the street and himself bravely rescuing her from horrors more terrible than he could imagine." (Young Lonigan, 62) Studs Lonigan lives in a different world from those around him. Chicago exists as different set of sensations for Studs, who communes with his environment in a language foreign to the masses. The heat and hardness of day are replaced by the creeping and overwhelming softness of the Chicago night; it pushes the toughness out of his body, eliminates the immediacy of things and dulls the viciousness of life as an Irish boy without a future. Farrell writes Studs as a contemplative soul who verges on artistic sensitivity. When he examines his environment he is lost its texture and physical existence. He simply does not belong to the city the way it owns the community, the â€Å"people that lived, worked, suffered, procreated, aspired, filled out their little days, and died† (Young Lonigan, 147). By nature Studs cannot accept the authority or possessiveness of the city, but he is incapable of escape. It is as much a part of him as he is of it; there is a symbiosis at work in Young Lonigan that depends very deeply upon the moments Studs shares with the fading day. Darkness provides us a view of Studs’ psyche that is intensely personal and crucial to understanding him as not only a character, but a representation of a developing personality and moral code. When darkness appears Studs is more vulnerable to both his hopes and his fears. At times he is overcome by visions of pain and hellfire; he is wracked by his Catholic guilt and a perceived lack of purity. â€Å"He puffed and looked about the dark and lonely place.

Mother’s Day Kiss Off Summary

A Mother’s Day Kiss Off In the Article, Leslie Bennetts talks about women who have been given the wrong impression of life. The impression of life being a fairy-tale, in which the man is the breadwinner and the wife stays home and tends to the house and the children. She also talks about, the so called fairy-tale crashing when the prince leaves for good. The gender roles in the home are women being taken advantage of. Marriage in the American society has had clearly defined gender roles in the past.The husband’s role of the house is to be the breadwinner. The wife’s carries the role of being the caregiver. Three main phases of American economy, how family lived and made money to support the family, have influenced the gender roles of the household. As economy changed to a wages of family economy the gender roles became more defined. Women have a lot of tasks to do in the household. The men worked outside of the home and women were restricted to the home to provid e childcare and attend to household duties.Most men still have the mindset that cleaning up around the house and tending to the children are the part of women’s work. When emotional support, social and intellectual development for the child is needed the mother/ woman of the house is the sole provider. It’s not necessarily a disadvantage for the women but it is an added task for them to provide, even though it’s a form of nursing the children. It especially becomes useful if the man of the house is absent due to work, death or has abandoned the household, for the children already look to her to tend to their needs.Some women take on the role of being a stay at home mom instead of working in a field where they would happy this can lead to feeling resentful for some. Women who have had careers have quit their jobs to take on the role as house wife are upset as well. Women can grow angry if they feel left behind to do everything as far as taking care of the childre n, household and now take care of the finances due to the absence of the breadwinner for various reasons. Women prefer to manage their marital status simultaneously with their career.The ability of a woman to do well lies in the perception that she can handle household duties and other tasks with strength. They have worked hard to get the education. If possible women should chose to work because if she were to remain at home she would be wasting all the knowledge she got through education during the early years of her life. It would be a â€Å"waste of human resources† if she does not work no matter if her husband has a well paying job or is rich enough to support her and the entire family.

List of Common Strong and Weak Acids

Strong and weak acids are important to know, both for chemistry class and for use in the lab. There are very few strong acids, so one of the easiest ways to tell strong and weak acids apart is to memorize the short list of strong ones. Any other acid is considered a weak acid. Key Takeaways Strong acids completely dissociate into their ions in water, while weak acids only partially dissociate.There are only a few (6) strong acids, so many people choose to memorize them. All the other acids are weak.The strong acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, and chloric acid.The only weak acid formed by the reaction between hydrogen and a halogen is hydrofluoric acid (HF). While technically a weak acid, hydrofluoric acid is extremely powerful and highly corrosive. Strong Acids Strong acids dissociate completely into their ions in water, yielding one or more protons (hydrogen cations)  per molecule. There are only 7 common strong acids. HCl - hydrochloric acidHNO3  - nitric acidH2SO4  - sulfuric acid (HSO4-  is a weak acid)HBr - hydrobromic acidHI - hydroiodic acidHClO4  - perchloric acidHClO3 - chloric acid Examples of ionization reactions include: HCl → H Cl- HNO3 → H NO3- H2SO4 → 2H SO42- Note the production of positively charged hydrogen ions and also the reaction arrow, which only points to the right. All of the reactant (acid) is ionized into product. Weak Acids Weak acids do not completely dissociate into their ions in water. For example, HF dissociates into the H and F- ions in water, but some HF remains in solution, so it is not a strong acid.  There are many more weak acids than strong acids. Most organic acids are weak acids. Here is a partial list, ordered from strongest to weakest. HO2C2O2H -  oxalic acid  H2SO3  -  sulfurous acidHSO4  -  - hydrogen sulfate ionH3PO4  - phosphoric acidHNO2  - nitrous acidHF - hydrofluoric acidHCO2H -  methanoic acidC6H5COOH -  benzoic acidCH3COOH - acetic acidHCOOH - formic acid Weak acids incompletely ionize. An example reaction is the dissociation of ethanoic acid in water to produce hydroxonium cations and ethanoate anions: CH3COOH H2O ⇆ H3O CH3COO- Note the reaction arrow in the chemical equation points both directions. Only about 1% of ethanoic acid converts to ions, while the remainder is ethanoic acid. The reaction proceeds in both directions. The back reaction is more favorable than the forward reaction, so ions readily change back to weak acid and water. Distinguishing Between Strong and Weak Acids You can use the acid equilibrium constant Ka or else pKa to determine whether an acid is strong or weak. Strong acids have high Ka or small pKa values, while weak acids have very small Ka values or large pKa values. Strong and Weak vs. Concentrated and Dilute Be careful not to confuse the terms strong and weak with concentrated and dilute. A concentrated acid is one which contains a low amount of water. In other words, the acid is concentrated. A dilute acid is an acidic solution that contains a lot of solvent. If you have 12 M acetic acid, its concentrated, yet still a weak acid. No matter how much water you remove, that will be true. On the flip side, a 0.0005 M HCl solution is dilute, yet still strong. Strong vs. Corrosive You can drink diluted acetic acid (the acid found in vinegar), yet drinking the same concentration of sulfuric acid would give you a chemical burn. The reason is that sulfuric acid is highly corrosive, while acetic acid is not as active. While acids tend to be corrosive, the strongest superacids (carboranes) are actually not corrosive and could be held in your hand. Hydrofluoric acid, while a weak acid, would pass through your hand and attack your bones.

Commonly Confused Words Quotation and Quote

In formal English, quotation is a noun (as in a quotation from Shakespeare) and quote is a verb (She likes to quote Shakespeare). However, in everyday speech and informal English, quote is often treated as a shortened form of quotation. Definitions The noun quotation refers to a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker. A direct quotation is a report of the exact words of an author or speaker. Direct quotations are placed inside quotation marks.An indirect quotation is a paraphrase of someone elses words: it reports on what a person said without using his or her exact words. Indirect quotations are not placed inside quotation marks. The verb quote means to repeat a group of words originally written or spoken by another person. In informal speech and writing, quote is sometimes used as a shortened form of the noun quotation. See usage notes below. Examples She remembered a quotation  shed read recently, the words of H.L. Mencken: Nothing can come out of an artist that is not in the man.(Hilary Sloin, Art on Fire. Bywater, 2012)Relying on numerous interviews of parents and children with a wide range of skin colors, [Lori] Tharps proves the  quotation  by the social scientist Frank Sulloway to be painfully true: No social injustice is felt more deeply than that suffered within ones own family.(Allyson Hobbs, Im Not the Nanny: Multiracial Families and Colorism. The New York Times, November 3, 2016)Many times I have wanted to quote Topsy, the young black girl in Uncle Toms Cabin. I have been tempted to say, I dunno. I just growed.(Maya Angelou, Mom Me Mom. Random House, 2013)[V]ery few quotes in newspapers are completely accurate in the sense of  being faithful to the false starts and hesitancies of the spoken word.(Ian Jack, Should We Quote Swear Words? Im Not Sure Theyre Absolutely Necessary. The Guardian [UK],  September 20, 2013) Usage Notes The noun quote, short for quotation, was first recorded in 1888. ... This sense of quote has met with strong disapproval in some quarters. Such commentators as Bernstein 1965, Follett 1966, Shaw 1977, and Trimmer McCrimmon 1988 have disparaged its use in writing, and the Heritage 1969, 1982 usage panel rejected it by a large majority (the 2000 panel has lightened up). Some other critics, however, have taken a more tolerant view. Harper 1985, for example, accepts its use in writing that has a conversational tone, and Bremner 1980 calls it standard in the publishing business.The noun quote is now widely used in standard if mostly casual writing, ... but there are still times when it seems most appropriate to choose quotation instead. We recommend that you let your own judgment of the writing situation and your sense of idiom be your guide.(Merriam-Websters Concise Dictionary of English Usage, 2002)The problem with quotation is that, to the writer who hopes to deliver goods quickly, th e three syllables sound and read as if they were slowing the sentence down. The single syllable of quote, meanwhile, sounds apt to such a writer. And it sounds more and more natural all the time, as it seems to predominate in spoken English. So although it remains informal for now, its gaining ground in formal prose.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern English  Usage, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2016) Practice (a) Melinda begins each of her essays with a familiar ______.(b) When he cant think of an answer, Gus likes to _____ a song lyric. Answers to Practice (a) Melinda begins each of her essays with a familiar quotation.(b) When he cant think of an answer, Gus likes to quote a song lyric.

Manifest Destiny And American Territorial Expansion Essay

Rapid population growth and overuse of the land east of the Mississippi River, coupled with the knowledge that there was an abundance of land for new settlement west of the river, led to the ideology of expansionism; the ideology became simply known as Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion, written by Amy S. Greenburg, deeply explains the motivation of the individuals looking to expand their settlements westward. Since the time of publication, we have realized that we could have handled the situation, in which we removed the inhabitants of the west from their homeland, in a better way. Americans believed that it was their God-given right to expand westward by destroying anything in their path. â€Å"†¦courageous pioneers believed that America had a divine obligation to stretch the boundaries of their noble republic to the Pacific Ocean.† (â€Å"29. Manifest Destiny.†) Amy Greenburg wrote Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expa nsion to help others better understand the meaning and ideology of the term Manifest Destiny. In order to understand the historical context in which this term, Manifest Destiny, came about, it is necessary to completely comprehend that overcrowded communities were becoming quite an issue in America. Written upon the need for expansion, Greenburg details how mass migration flushed the inhabitants residing west of the Mississippi River from their territory as Americans took over all the land. The displaced Native Americans andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Manifest Destiny and American Politics658 Words   |  3 Pagesfurther division of American politics. The most divisive issue in American politics during this time frame was the idea of Manifest Destiny, or territorial expansion. 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MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny was basically the belief Americans had to extend its systems of democracy, federalism, and personal freedom, as well as to accommodate its rapidly growing population by ultimately taking possession of the entire North American continent. My interpretation remains diplomatic. Since Manifest Destiny was always a general notion than a specific policy. It had helped the Native Americans to expand their land and the American settlers had witnessedRead MoreEssay on America Has Been A World Power1040 Words   |  5 Pagescountry. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 1840s were years of extraordinary territorial growth for the United States. During a four year period, our American territory was increased by 1.2 million square miles, a gain of more than sixty percent. The expansion of our country was so rapid, that it came to be seen as an inexorable process, prompting many Americans to insist that their nation had a quot;manifest destinyquot; to dominate the continent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The expansionistRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesBecause of the desire and belief of Americans that the United States’ purpose to expand west to the Pacific Ocean, Manifest Destiny would become one of the most influential ideologies in American history (Greenberg 3). This belief of the settlers aided in the westward expansion of the nation’s boundaries through the removal of the Native Americans who had inhabited the western lands for generations and in some cases centuries; and with a war with Mexico in which we gained territory in Texas, theRead MoreManifest Destiny and Foreign Policy1135 Words   |  5 PagesManifest Destiny and Foreign Policy The term Manifest Destiny, which American writer John L. 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It is the presumption that God had destined the American people to at divine mission of American movement and conquest in the name of Chri stianity and democracy. In order to understand manifest destiny we must first find its’ origin. John O’Sullivan first initiated manifest destiny into America in 1845. This New York editor wrote the phraseRead MoreWestward Expansion and Indian Removal1480 Words   |  6 Pagesgiving up on aspirations of success and expansion? Would our country exist as the power symbol it is today without certain actions that removed the barriers preventing American expansion and growth? Although the aboriginal people of America had claimed their land before the settlement of white colonists, the Native Americans proved an impediment towards the ultimate growth in America’s economic and commercial power. However harsh the treatment of Native Americans in the past was, the relocation and removal

Consequences of Document Falsification-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Document falsification is a type of fraud that is of increasing challenge in the business community. Answer: Introduction Document falsification refers to the presentation of false document or theory. Falsification of documents is an ethical crime that contradicts society and business norms. Fake documents are some of the trending issues that currently characterize most organizations. Ethical standards dictate that individuals should be fully accountable for their own actions. The situation is similar in the academic industry with most students currently present documents that are written on behalf. Presenting or submitting documents that are not their own document falsification and does not only touches students but also business sector. In the business sector, there are many companies that currently are run with intention of writing other students assignment. These assignments are presented in school or university for unmerited degree or diplomas. Document falsification is also part of companies where fake documents are also presented as though genuine. Theories have been put forward to explain variou s perspectives of ethics. There are consequences of document falsification that cut across the sphere of life from personal level to society level. To understand document falsification, it is important to understand MacDonalds four levels of business ethics. Student document falsification Document falsification is an ethical destructive crime that has also infiltrated into academic systems thereby corrupting the entire system with an immoral presentation of unmerited grades (Blackburn, 2001). Ethical standards require professionals to act in morally accepted principles of that constitute honesty and merited. Students should be accountable for their own action and practice. Document falsification is a fraud that goes in a cycle starting with student to employers. Document falsification as an issue in the business platform can be viewed based on the MacDonalds four levels of business ethics. MacDonalds four levels of business ethics are classified into society level, industry level, and company level and at a personal level. MacDonald is international fast-food chain founder that explain ethics into four different levels beginning by personal level, company level, industry level and society level. In order to understand the concept of student document falsification, it is important to analyze this phenomenon using MacDonalds four levels of business ethics (Kidder, 2003). Society level Society is the apex of the triangle that forms the basis of the MacDonalds four levels of business ethics. The society is currently affected by the document falsification as a nearly most institution in general tries to detect or identify false document presented by students claiming ownership. Firstly, currently, document falsification touches nearly all industries meaning all sectors of the economy are most likely to be affected by this fraud (Roger, 2011). This means that the fraud has infiltrated the entire society as grandaunts present papers that falsely attained in the university. Secondly, many offices both in public and private sectors are battling out fake papers that are presented as genuine certificates supposing obtained from universities. Thirdly, ethical standards at the society level will be jeopardized since companies will crop up that assist students to attain grades. The society is founded on the moral principles that are accepted all people in the society includin g companies that employ students after school (O'Connor, 2015). Industry level MacDonalds four levels of business ethics classification indicate that ethics in the industry is where the entire sector and related sectors or production has an application of the ethics. Firstly, document falsification at the industry level is the act of ethical concern surrounding false documents that are presented without ethical standards. Secondly, university and related industries can be doomed affected with the document falsification as many students currently submit assignment or papers that are not their own. Industry level of MacDonalds four levels of business ethics represents academic and related industries. For instance, the academic platform is an example of the industry affected by this unethical practice that also touch on other industries related to universities. Moreover, in the industry, there are many elements of document falsification as published assignments and reports are submitted not only in an academic institution but also other organizations that require such papers. A similar concern has also been raised by business sector where business papers and reports or research papers are also written on behalf of people who employees who are supposed to write. Company level Company level of the ethics is the level at which ethics touches as a single organization, for example, a university or an institution. At the university, for example, document falsification is evident in many ways. Firstly, students submitting the assignment that has been done by other people as though their own assignment (Perle, 2004). Sometimes the student pays other professional or freelance academic writers to write on their behalf. The assignment is therefore written in a way that can bypass all the plagiarism checks without detection. The university is forced to develop systems that can detect plagiarism though this does not detect indicate the connection between student submitting a paper and the paper itself (Russell, 2013). Secondly, this fraud is connected to two industries, one for the writer and another for the university. The company therefore falsely gives out a certificate to the student for the unmerited grade. This document is further presented in another instituti on where the grandaunt seeks employment. In another instance, other students use or own up another persons theory as though their own idea. Despite this being plagiarism, the student also present the idea documented as a false document. To bypass plagiarism theories are rewritten in own word as own idea (Cully, 2014). This document falsification and contradict the ethical or moral standards of professionalism. Personal Level At the personal level, an individual, manager or office take full responsibility of own action. Personhood can be termed as individual accountability that gives the full responsibility of own action and is directly reflected in use and submission of papers. Firstly, the individual student should take full responsibility and accountability for papers they may falsely give as though personal. It is unethical to submit documents that a student did not write as though they have written and can also be termed as immoral. According to Lynch, (2002), morality dictates that one need to do something that does not contradict what is morally accepted. In case of such immoral act, the student should take full moral accountability. Honesty begins at a personal level and this means that once a student becomes disobedient the whole system becomes corrupt. One theory for ethics is Kantianism that emphasis on individual action rather than the result. This based on the student's action that is not mor ally accepted as opposing the result that the student obtains from the false assignment (Miller, 2009). Theories of ethics There are different theories that been advanced to explain ethics especially document falsification. Some of these theories are consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics and relativist perspectives. These theories look at the different perspective of ethics and each has a different view on morality, accountability, and standards. Consequentialism theory looks at the ethics from consequences of an action rather than the action itself. Unlike MacDonalds four levels of business ethics that just focus on the outward level of business ethics. The theory explains that students, for instance, are judged base on the result not considering the document submitted in the university. Though document falsification by the student may not be morally accepted, it is only judged from the consequent of action rather than intention or action. At the end of every action that one does there are consequences that follow. This is particularly connected to the accountability of an individual for their own action. Whether the result is positive or negative, the student is solemnly accountable for own behavior as this will be reflected on their work performance once employed or working (Russell, 2013). Deontology, on the other hand, is a perspective that looks at the nature of duty and obligation, unlike consequentialism theory. It is the duty of the student to study and do the assignment. It is also the obligation of students to study and write an assignment and this dictates that only qualified person is awarded certificate (Portmore Douglas, 2011). The whole perspective does not consider any action but just the nature of duty and obligation that is required of an individual. This implies that student that has a duty to study attend lectures and are assessed as the nature of their duty need not involve in other practice that is not their obligation. According to Salzman (1995), Deontology is partly in agreement with the virtue theory since all point to an obligation that is expected of an individual (Sutton et al, 2010). Another theory is virtue ethics that considers character above all another aspect of personhood. This is different from other theories that solemnly look at action, result or consequences. Virtue ethics rely on the personal accountability practice and one needs to be responsible for own action and act in the morally accepted manner (Hoy, 2005). As in the case of the university, the morality of student should be based on a personal character that is closely related to deontology even though deontology explains ethics from the duty perspective (Pojman Fieser, 2009). This is similar to virtue ethics that also consider personal accountability hence as student nature of duty and obligation should bring strong personal character based on what is morally right. Virtue ethics also contradict consequentialism theory that fully judge according to the result and this means there is no need for accountability or character (Devettere, 2002). Theory of relativism explains that there is no absolute truth even though ethics is based on what is true and morally accepted. The theory contradicts other theories that focus on a certain aspect of ethics or standards of practice that are accepted in business practice. As students get their assignment written for them, relativism theory requires or indicates that there is no truth and anything is just accepted (Michael, 2010). Whether the action contradicts what is morally accepted, the theory of relativism just comments that practice can be accepted so long as the owner remains realistic about owning the work. This implies that if the student owns up the assignment regardless of the source of the assignment the student remains the owner of work. The relativist theory Furthermore, explains ethics in a manner that does not also agree with deontology theory that relies on duty and obligation of a student in school (Lafollette, 2014). Consequences of document falsification Document falsification is not morally accepted the practice does not confer to standards of practice. Document falsification has consequences both to the student and their profession. Firstly, presenting false documents is a crime since it contradicts the ethical requirement and duty or obligation of students. It is the duty of students to study and write an assignment, having the assignment done for a student at a fee is contradicting duty and obligation of students. Secondly, document falsification leads to unmerited grades that are awarded to students despite not doing the assignments (Cavalier, 2013). Thirdly, presenting documents falsely as though personal kills the professionalism as grades are awarded to students they are not qualified. Qualification for grades should be based on the ability of the student to study, write and are assessed. Fourthly, employment may face problems since students who graduate with false documents will present fake papers to the employer (Kamm, 200 6). Finally, the whole society is infiltrated with the immoral behaviors as many companies also engage in assignment writing practice. The situation will worsen the academic industry as many people will have unmerited degrees, diplomas or certificates. The society expects the students to exhibit professionalism, accountability and ethical standards that are acceptable to the society (Doris Stich, 2008; Wallace, 2007). Therefore, individuals who commit the crime of document falsification should be burned from learning for a specific period of time as punishment for their action. Conclusion In conclusion, document falsification is a crime that involves student presenting assignment, report or essay written by a paid writer as though students own written work. MacDonald's four levels of business ethics explain the four levels of business ethics ranging from personal ethic at the lowest level followed by company, industry, and society at the apex. There are also other theories that have been advanced to explain ethics from a different perspective. Some of these theories are consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics and relativist perspectives. Document falsification is linked to consequences that are not only felt at a personal level but also at the society level. References Blackburn, S. (2001), Being good: A short introduction to ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cully, P. (2014), Plagiarism avoidance in academic submissions. Dublin Institute of Technology, 2013. Full PDF available for download at: https://arrow.dit.ie/bescharcoth/4/ Cavalier, R. (2013), Meta-ethics, Normative Ethics, and Applied Ethics. Online Guide to Ethics and Moral Philosophy. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Devettere, R. J. (2002), Introduction to Virtue Ethics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. Doris Stich (2008), Wallace (2007), Wallace writes: "Moral psychology is the study of morality in its psychological dimensions" (p. 86). Kamm F. M. Professor of Philosophy Harvard University (2006), Intricate Ethics Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm. Oxford University Press. Hoy, D. (2005), Critical Resistance from Poststructuralism to Postcritique. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Kidder, R. (2003), How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living. New York: Harper Collins. p.63. Lafollette, H. (2014), Ethics in Practice: An Anthology[ed.]. Wiley Blackwell, 4th edition, Oxford. Lynch, J. (2002), The Perfectly Acceptable Practice of Literary Theft: Plagiarism, Copyright, and the Eighteenth Century, in Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 24, no. 4 (Winter 20023), pp.5154. Also available online since 2006 at Writing World. Miller, C. (2009), The Conditions of Moral Realism. The Journal of Philosophical Research, 34, 123-155 Michael, K. (2010), Relativism: A Contemporary Anthology, New York: Columbia University Press, O'Connor, Z. (2015), Extreme plagiarism: The rise of the e-Idiot? International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 20 (1), pp1-11. Pojman, L.P. Fieser, J. (2009), Virtue Theory. In Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong (pp. 146-169). (6th ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Portmore, Douglas, W. (2011), Commonsense Consequentialism: Wherein Morality Meets Rationality. New York: Oxford University Press. Perle, S. (March 11, 2004), Morality and Ethics: An Introduction. Retrieved February 13, 2007., Butchvarov, Panayot. Skepticism in Ethics (1989). Roger, T. A. (April 30, 2011), Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary. University of Hawai?i Press. Russell, D. C. (2013), The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Salzman, T. A. (1995), Deontology and Teleology: An Investigation of the Normative Debate in Roman Catholic Moral Theology. University Press. Sutton, A. J. et al, (July 2010), Assessing publication bias in meta-analysis in the presence of between-study heterogeneity. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 173 (3): 575591.